Differences Between Steel Trusses and Spatial Structures

 There are distinct differences between steel trusses and spatial structures. Spatial structures incorporate spheres (such as bolted spheres and hollow spheres), whereas steel trusses generally do not use spheres, though they may be used in certain applications—for example, at supports or where steel pipes and pipe connections are not suitable. From an engineering perspective, steel trusses have better load-bearing capacity than spatial structures and can span over 100 meters; spatial structures generally do not exceed a span of 100 meters.

Steel trusses refer to truss structures made of steel used in industrial and civil buildings for roof structures, crane beams, bridges, and hydraulic gates, among others. Steel trusses are commonly used as primary load-bearing members. Various types of towers, such as mast towers, television towers, and power transmission towers, often employ spatial steel trusses composed of three-sided, four-sided, or multi-sided planar trusses.

Spatial structures consist of multiple steel members connected at joints according to a specific grid pattern. The basic units that make up a space frame include triangular pyramids, triangular prisms, cubes, and truncated tetrahedrons. These basic units can be combined to form planar shapes such as triangles, quadrilaterals, hexagons, circles, or any other configuration. They offer advantages such as spatial load-bearing capacity, light weight, high stiffness, and good seismic performance; They can be used as roof structures for buildings such as gymnasiums, theaters, exhibition halls, waiting halls, stadium grandstand canopies, aircraft hangars, and workshops with large, bidirectional column grids. A disadvantage is that a large number of members converge at each node, making fabrication and installation more complex than for planar structures.

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