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Steel structures constructed in seismic zones must meet the following design requirements: 1. For seismic fortification levels of 7 or higher, horizontal bracing should be installed around the perimeter sections of the truss within its support plane. Theoretical calculations indicate that horizontal bracing enhances the truss's lateral seismic performance. For perimeter-supported trusses, three types of chord member configurations exist for the bracing plane: (1) Orthogonal-orthogonal type: Diagonal members are installed within the peripheral grid to form a closed system. (2) Orthogonal-oblique type: Horizontal members are arranged along the boundary to form a closed system. (3) Triaxial type: The support plane itself is composed of geometrically stable triangles, thus requiring no additional bracing. 2. The slenderness ratio of members within the peripheral 2–3 grid zones shall not exceed 180. This is because the chord members along the perimeter of the space frame experience rel...

As global climate change and resource scarcity become increasingly pressing issues, the application of sustainable construction and eco-friendly materials has emerged as a critical focus in the building industry. Steel space  structures , as an environmentally friendly and highly efficient building material, are contributing significantly to the advancement of green architecture. 1. Recyclability of Steel Space Structures The primary material in steel space structures is steel, which is a recyclable resource. Compared to traditional building materials like concrete, steel space  structures  can be easily recycled and reused after building demolition. This reduces construction waste generation and lowers consumption of natural resources. This recyclable nature gives steel space  structures  a significant role in green construction. 2. Energy Conservation and Efficiency The efficient design of steel space  structures  optimizes a building's energy usage....

  The installation method for space structures   should be determined comprehensively based on the type, stress, and structural characteristics of the structure, ensuring quality and safety while considering progress, economy, and on-site technical conditions. The following methods can be used for the installation of space structures : 1. High-altitude assembly method: Suitable for various types of space structures   assembled with full supports, especially suitable for structures with non-welded connections such as bolted connections and pin connections. Depending on the structural characteristics, cantilever assembly methods with fewer supports can be selected: inward expansion method (cantilever assembly from the side supports to the center) and outward expansion method (cantilever assembly from the center to the side supports). 2. Segment or block installation method: Suitable for space structures where the stiffness and stress state of the structure change little af...